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初中英语语法讲座(4)

  句子的种类

  1.应特别注意掌握的简单句

  有介词的特殊疑问句

  在特殊问句中,作为介词宾语的疑问代词可以与介词分离,放在句首,而把介词放在句尾。

  如,Whom do you travel with?当然,也可以把介词放在句首。

  总之,不要把介词丢掉。

  有插入语的特殊疑问句

  在特殊问句中,经常可以看到这样的句子:Where do you think they may go?其中,do you think 是疑问式插入语,其余部分是think的宾语从句。注意,疑问式插入语同句子的其余部分不用逗号分开。

  疑问式插入语还有do you hope, do you guess 等。在肯定句中也有插入语。如:That man, I guess, is neither a policeman nor a soldier. 在肯定句的插入语要用逗号与句子的其他部分分开。去掉插入语,该句子仍然是个完整的句子。

  You’d better (not)… (do sth.) 这个说法常用于提出“劝告,建议,告戒”。 比较委婉的有礼貌的说法是 Would you like …? 或 What about (doing)…?如,It’s too dark. You’d better leave at once. I’m afraid (that) …     I’m afraid (that) I can’t go with you today. 常用来委婉地表示自己的看法或预料一件令人不悦的事情。

  2.并列句

  并列句的考查重点是并列连词。并列连词有and, or, but, both… and, neither… nor, either… or, not only… but also…等。

  3.复合句

  复合句考查的主要内容是宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。

  ①宾语从句

  宾语从句的考查要点是:时态的呼应、人称的一致、词序等。

  A.宾语从句的连接词:宾语从句本身是叙述句是,用that 引导。He said (that) he would leave on March 12 next weeek.宾语从句本身是特殊疑问句时,用疑问词引导。 Do you know where we can find our teacher?宾语从句本身是一般疑问句时,用if 或whether引导。I don’t know if / whether he has done that.

  B. 宾语从句与主句时态的呼应。主句谓语是现在时和将来时的时候,宾语从句的动词时态不受影响。如,It is said that the panda was sent to America last month.主句是过去时态,从句谓语要做适当调整:

  a)由现在时调整为过去时。I didn’t know you were also here.

  b)由将来时调整为过去将来时He said that he would go to Beijing the next week.

  c)过去时态多数不受影响,但“一般过去时”常调整为“过去完成时”,尤其是从句中有before, since 一类的时间状语时,多调整为“过去完成时”如:She said she had worked at this school before her father came to this city.

  ②状语从句

  状语从句有时间状语从句(常由when, while, before, after, until, as soon as等词引导)、地点状语从句(常有where 引导)、原因状语从句(常有because, since, as 引导,这三词所表达的语气由because到as逐渐减弱,由why提出的问题必须用because 来回答), 条件状语从句(常由if引导)、结果状语从句(常由such … that…, so…that…, so that等引导 )、让步状语从句(常由though, although引导)。

  ③定语从句

  其考查内容主要是正确使用关系代词{who(指人)、that(指人或物)、which(指物)} , etc. 定语从句一般紧跟在修饰词的后面,如:She is the person who I want to see. 她就是我想见到的人。有时,为了使句子平衡,也可把定语从句与所修饰词分开。

  同学们还记得这样一句话吗?Then a screen came up that read,“Congratulations!” 这是第三册第54课中的一个句子。

  下面我们来看一些例子:

  1. The traveller was ___ tired that she couldn’t walk on.

  A. so  B. very   C. too   D. quite

  答案:A

  2.Do you know ___ ten years ago?

  A. where does he live   B. where he lives

  C. where did he live   D. where he lived

  答案:D

  3.He didn’t go home ___ he finished the work.

  A. since   B. if   C. because   D. until

  答案:D

  4.I was reading the newspaper ___ I heard a loud shout outside

  A. while   B. when   C. though   D. as

  答案:B

  5.I don’t know the man ___ is cleaning the door.A. that   B. where   C. what   D. who

  答案:D

  练习:

  1.I didn’t remember ___ the woman before.

  A. where I had seen   B. where I have seen

  C. where had I seen   D. where have I seen

  答案:A

  2.It was raining heavily ___ we got to Paris.

  A. while   B. if   C. when   D. because

  答案:C

  3.The plane hasn’t arrived. Can you tell me ___?

  A. what time is the plane late   B. why is the plane late

  C. why the plane is late    D. what time the plane is late

  答案:C

  4.I don’t know if ___tomorrow?

  A. it doesn’t rain   B. the rain will stops   C. the rains won’t stop   D. it won’t rain

  答案:D
初中英语语法讲座(2)
初中英语语法讲座(1)
初中英语语法讲座(3)
初中英语语法讲座(4)

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